Biochemical Effects of Smoking and Their Clinical Significance in Prosthodontic and Restorative Treatment Outcomes
Smoking, Liver enzymes, SGPT/ALT, SGOT/AST, Prosthodontic treatment planning, Restorative dentistry, Dental risk assessment
AuthorsAbstractObjectives; Cigarette smoking is a clinically relevant risk factor in dentistry because it may influence systemic metabolism, tissue healing, inflammatory response, and medication safety. This study aimed to compare serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase/alanine aminotransferase (SGPT/ALT) and serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase/aspartate aminotransferase (SGOT/AST) levels between smokers and non-smokers attending a private dental clinic, and to interpret the clinical significance of these biochemical changes for prosthodontic and restorative dental treatment planning. Methods; A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among 120 adult male dental patients aged 18–40 years. Participants were divided into two groups: smokers (n = 60) and non-smokers (n = 60). Case histories, smoking status, and smoking severity were recorded. Smokers were categorized as mild, moderate, or severe according to daily cigarette consumption, and smoking exposure was estimated using the Brinkman Index. Venous blood samples were collected, and SGPT/ALT and SGOT/AST levels were estimated using an automated Integra 400 Plus analyser. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS version 25.0, with P < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results; Smokers showed significantly higher mean SGPT/ALT levels than non-smokers, 69.38 ± 19.42 versus 16.38 ± 7.04. Similarly, mean SGOT/AST levels were higher among smokers, 64.09 ± 20.30, compared with non-smokers, 19.53 ± 5.05. Both differences were statistically highly significant (P < 0.001). Conclusions; Smoking was associated with significantly elevated liver enzyme markers among dental patients, suggesting possible smokingrelated hepatic stress. Clinical Relevance; Assessment of smoking history and liver-related biochemical status may support safer medication planning, risk assessment, smoking cessation counselling, and individualized prosthodontic and restorative dental care. 1. INTRODUCTION Smoking of cigarettes is a significant modifiable risk factor with systemic and oral health effects. It releases the body to several toxic chemicals which could impact on a number of organs and biological methods. Cigarette smoking has been reported as having an effect on liver markers in the serum, suggesting that smoking could affect hepatic biochemical status [1]. Smoking in dental practice is important due to its association with oxidative stress, poor vascular response, delayed wound healing, poor host defence, periodontal breakdown and poor prognosis in various treatment settings. These effects are especially important in prosthodontics and restorative dentistry where the treatment's success •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ejprd.org- Published by Riset Publishing Services LLC.
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