Clinical Competencies and Decision-Making Among Emergency Medical Technicians: A Systematic Review

Emergency Medical Technician; Clinical Competency; Clinical Decision-Making; Prehospital Care; Emergency Medical Services; Patient Safety; Systematic Review.

Rakan Faisal Basri 1,
King Abdulaziz Medical City of the National
Guard, Saudi Arabia
[email protected]

Ibrahim Mohammed Alanazi2,
King Abdulaziz Medical City of the National Guard,
Saudi Arabia
[email protected]

Hatim Faihan Alotaibi3,
King Abdulaziz Medical City of the National
Guard, Saudi Arabia
[email protected]

Adel Mohammed Aldukhain4,
King Abdulaziz Medical City of the National Guard,
Saudi Arabia
[email protected]

Ahmed sayer Alshammri5,
King Abdulaziz Medical City of the National Guard,
Saudi Arabia
[email protected]

Bader Naif Alotaibi6,
King Abdulaziz Medical City of the National
Guard, Saudi Arabia
[email protected]

Salman Abdullah Alharbi7,
King Abdulaziz Medical City of the National
Guard, Saudi Arabia
[email protected]

Sultan Mohammed Alanazi8,
King Abdulaziz Medical City of the National
Guard, Saudi Arabia.
[email protected]

Talal Ali Alshammari9,
King Abdulaziz Medical City of the Nationa Guard,
Saudi Arabia
[email protected]

Hamoud Ghayyadh Alanizi 10,
King Abdulaziz Medical City of the National
Guard, Saudi Arabia
[email protected]

Received:15-06-2026
Revised:18-07-2026
Accepted:22-07-2026

European Journal of Prosthodontics and Restorative Dentistry (2026) 34 (7s), 1028–1036

Clinical Competencies and Decision-Making Among Emergency Medical Technicians: A Systematic Review

Background: Emergency Medical Technicians (EMTs) play a vital role in delivering prehospital emergency care, where rapid clinical assessment and effective decision-making directly influence patient outcomes. Clinical competencies, including technical proficiency, communication, critical thinking, and clinical judgment, are essential for ensuring safe and highquality emergency medical services. Despite the growing body of research on EMT performance, evidence regarding the relationship between clinical competencies and decision-making remains fragmented. Objective: This systematic review aims to synthesize current evidence on the clinical competencies required for EMTs and examine how these competencies influence clinical decision-making, patient safety, and prehospital care outcomes. Methods: A systematic search will be conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Peer-reviewed studies published in English between 2015 and 2026 that evaluate EMT clinical competencies and decision-making will be included. Two independent reviewers will perform study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment using appropriate critical appraisal tools. Results: The review is expected to identify key competency domains that enhance clinical decision-making and improve the quality, safety, and effectiveness of prehospital emergency care while highlighting existing knowledge gaps. Conclusion: The findings will provide evidence-based recommendations for EMT education, competency assessment, and professional development, supporting improvements in emergency medical services and patient outcomes.

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