Green Synthesis And Biological Evaluation Of Silver Nanoparticles Derived From Azadirachta Indica: An In Vitro Assessment Of Antimicrobial Activity, Cytocompatibility And Antioxidant Potential
Silver nanoparticles, Green synthesis, Azadirachta indica, Neem, Antimicrobial activity, Cytocompatibility, Antioxidant activity
AuthorsAbstractBackground: Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using medicinal plants has gained considerable attention because it provides an environmentally friendly and biocompatible alternative to conventional chemical synthesis. Azadirachta indica (Neem) contains abundant phytochemicals capable of reducing silver ions into stable nanoparticles while imparting additional biological properties. Aim: To synthesize silver nanoparticles using Azadirachta indica leaf extract and evaluate their physicochemical characteristics, antibacterial efficacy, cytocompatibility, and antioxidant activity. Materials and Methods: An aqueous extract of Azadirachta indica leaves was prepared and subjected to phytochemical characterization using HPLC and chromatographic analysis. Silver nanoparticles were synthesized by reducing silver nitrate using different concentrations of neem extract (1–5 mg/mL). Nanoparticle formation was confirmed using UV–Visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), particle size analysis, and zeta potential measurements. Antibacterial efficacy against Porphyromonas gingivalis was assessed by disc diffusion assay. Cytocompatibility was evaluated using MTT assay and fluorescence microscopy on MCF-7 cells, while antioxidant activity was determined using the DPPH free radical scavenging assay. Results: Green synthesis successfully produced stable silver nanoparticles with characteristic surface plasmon resonance observed on UV–Visible spectroscopy. SEM analysis demonstrated spherical nanoparticles with an average size of 38.5 nm and a zeta potential of −33.2 mV, indicating good colloidal stability. Antibacterial activity increased with nanoparticle concentration, with the largest inhibition zone observed at 5 mg/mL (19.4 ± 0.7 mm). MTT assay demonstrated high cell viability with no significant cytotoxicity, while DPPH assay revealed concentration-dependent antioxidant activity. Conclusion: Green synthesized silver nanoparticles obtained from Azadirachta indica exhibited excellent antibacterial activity, antioxidant potential, and cytocompatibility, indicating their promise for future biomedical and dental applications.
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ejprd.org - Published by Riset Publication Services LLC
EJPRD
Copyright ©2026 by Riset Publication Services LLC